Mgt3610 Baruch Outline - 2686 Words

Baruch College Zicklin School of Business - Department of Management Dr. Jonatan Jelen COURSE INFORMATION SHEET MGT 3121 Fall 2011 Course Title: Service Operations Management Course Number: MGT 3121 (UFA – CRN 1077), Fr 6:05-9:00 p.m.; room VC 9-150 Name of Instructor: Dr. Jonatan Jelen Department: Management Phone: 917-340-8250 (use for emergencies only!) Office: TBA Office Hours: Fr 5-6 p.m. E-Mail: Jonatan_Jelen@baruch.cuny.edu Course Description (Catalogue): This is an introductory course intended to provide the student with a mix of theoretical and practical knowledge about managing service operations in businesses such as financial services, retail hospitality, healthcare,†¦show more content†¦You will also appreciate technology and its importance in managerial terms. The following represent only some of the important specific objectives of this course. A student who has mastered the body of knowledge to be presented and experienced in this course should be able to: †¢ explain operations as an organizational functional area; i.e. to present a list of the areas covered by the operations management function, the problems and decisions faced in these areas and the methods and models for approaching these problems; †¢ indicate the importance of operations to all members of the organization including those who are not operations managers, i.e. to demonstrate the interconnectedness of an organization; †¢ explain the relevance of operations by presenting real world examples of current operations issues that appear in the news; †¢ learn about different types of

Determination Of The Civil Rights Movement - 1325 Words

Alexander Bradley Mr. Murray 4/26/16 Courage to Dissent By: Tomiko Brown-Nagin Courage to Dissent helps readers understanding of the Civil Rights movement. Brown-Nagin wrote about the issue that was going on during this time when it pertains to politics, housing, public accommodations, and schools. It highlighted major issue that was a problem in America but especially Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta at this time became a huge stomping ground for African American leaders because of the massive wave of blacks that lived in the city as well as the issue that needed to be address to end segregation. The NAACP began to expand their leadership into smaller components. A lot of local black officials became extremely involved in Atlanta. The city wanted faster results, which focus on local activist and not head officials of the NAACP. One leader that was mention a lot in the book was A.T Walden. A.T Walden was the first black attorney in the state of Georgia. One of Walden accomplishments was the civil rights cases to help the pay for black teachers in Georgia. Through Wa lden and other leaders in Atlanta, changes were made in the city. First and foremost, voting and housing in Atlanta became a conflict during the civil rights movement. Voting became a huge concern to local Civil Rights activist in the state of Georgia but mainly in Atlanta. The majority of African Americans did not register to vote when they had the chance to vote. Before the 1944 trail againstShow MoreRelatedRosa Parkss Impact On The Civil Rights Movement1248 Words   |  5 Pagesand tensions started to climax during the era of the Civil Rights Movement, this discourse soon meet its challengers. In Montgomery, Alabama, arguably one of the most racist and defiant cities towards the movement of integration, people began to challenge the notion of racial segregation through a movement known as the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This movement, which lasted from December of 1955 to December of 1956, helped push the civil rights movement forward and challenge the dominant discourse of whiteRead MoreMalcolm X And Langston Hughes Essay898 Words   |  4 Pages Martin Luther King Jr. has been an inspirational symbol of equal rights. (1)His effectiveness in non-violent protesting had a major impact on many civil rights movements in the 50s and 60s. King possessed what might be the most recognizable American trait: determination. Determination has given America many oppurtunities throughout history. In fact, it played a major role in winning our country’s independence. King used his own determination to manifest it in others. In his iconic speech â€Å"I Have a Dream†Read MoreThe Formation Of The United Nations955 Words   |  4 PagesUniversal Declaration of Human Rights were created to link local and global communities, bypassing the actions of the nation-state, in an attempt to avoid repetition of the atrocities committed in the early part of the century (Niezen 2003, p.19). Communities involved in indigenous movements were recognized to differ from other movements, such as civil rights movement, due to their wish to remai n distinct from the dominant population and have their territorial rights recognized and livelihood respectedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have Been To The Mountaintop835 Words   |  4 PagesI Have Been To The Mountaintop The Civil Rights Movement occurred in the 1950’s. It’s a movement against segregation and discrimination in the Southern states of America towards the African Americans. Throughout the wars and battles that were fought, African Americans never had equal rights like Caucasians. Caucasians downgraded African Americans due to their skin tone and their intelligence. Since African Americans were not given the same equality like Caucasians, they started to fight for equalityRead MoreThe 1960’s: Decade of Disillusionment992 Words   |  4 Pages In addition, an enormous movement began rising in opposition to the Vietnam War. It was a time of brutal altercations, with the civil rights movement and the youth culture demanding equality and the war in Vietnam put public loyalty to the test. Countless African-Americans, Native-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, women, and college students became frustrated, angry, and disillusioned by the turmoil around them. African Americans had been struggling to obtain equal rights for scores of decades. DuringRead MoreMy Visit to the Brooklyn Museum942 Words   |  4 PagesDuring my visit to the Brooklyn Museum, I found it both intriguing and informative. The layout of the exhibition was divided into about three to four sections. Each section of the museum represented a movement of the 60’s. The themes represented were segregation of blacks and whites, how they tried to gain equality and the changes they anticipated would happen in the future. The artwork throughout the exhibit was displayed in a varying gradient of black and white to colors. The type of backgroundRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil rights movement in the USA in the 1950’s and 1960’s.can be termed as a democratic movement. The basic reason behind this was the discrimination of the African-Americans that were enslaved and did not have citizen rights. The African-Americans protested greatly against their injustice. The birth of the civil rights movement was before the 1954 Supreme Court’s decision on Brown versus Board of Education (Topeka) which stated that separate but equal schools was against the Constitution. FromRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1547 Words   |  7 PagesFlorida SouthWestern State College The Women’s Rights Movement What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention on the Women’s Rights Movement? Jennifer Flores AMH2010 Mr. Stehlin 16 November 2015 The Women’s Rights Movement began in 1848 with the first assembly of women and men gathering to discuss the civil, social, and other conditions of women. The Seneca Falls Convention was the start of the women’s movement. The two women who organized this event were Lucretia Mott andRead MoreCritical Book Analysis: The Fire Next Time. James Baldwin1144 Words   |  5 Pagesrenowned and celebrated African American writer who came to prominence during the civil rights movement of the 1960’s. The Fire Next Time is often regarded as one of his best works and cemented his role as a leading spokesman for the African American community. Baldwin spoke out against all kinds of discrimination. Baldwin’s ultimate message was that the redeeming power of love, understanding and self-determination would free African Americans of the â€Å"Negro Problem† (a euphemism for racial tensionRead MoreDuring The Mid-1960S To 1980, The Black Power Movement1362 Words   |à ‚  6 Pages During the mid-1960s to 1980, The Black Power movement was highly important for African Americans in the United States. This time frame increased the self-determination of black pride and the empowering movements that took place across the nation. The development of organizations influence African Americans to form unity, group awareness, and institutions in order to enhance the race as a whole. Important activists stood firm in their prolific speeches, which influenced the nation to believe that

Epidemiology of Lyme Disease with Examples

Question: Discuss about the Descriptive Epidemiology of Lyme Disease? Answer: Problem Lyme sickness, which is also named as Lyme Borreliosis, Lyme is an irresistible illness caused by microbes of Borrelia type. The most widely recognized indication of contamination is a growing region of redness, acknowledged by the name of an Erythema migraine that starts at the place of a tick nibble around one week after it has happened (Bartol). The rash is commonly neither irritated nor painful. Around twenty-five to fifty percent of tainted individuals doesnt build up a rash. Other early indications might include fever, feeling tired and headache. Agents The causative agents of the Lyme illness are a bacterium, Borrelia Burgdorferi, and Borrelia Burgdorferi is spirochete which is roughly 20mm to 30mm long and 2 mm to 3mm in the width. Its method for motility is by means of a pivotal fiber, by which it moves in a corkscrew design. The bacterium is pitifully re-colored by Safranin simply because it is the last stain utilized as a part of the procedure; consequently, Borrelia Burgdorferi is never named gram-negative and gram-positive ("DIAGNOSIS OF LYME DISEASE"). Condition Fever, muscle throbs, and weariness of Lyme sickness can be confused for viral contaminations, for example, flu or irresistible mononucleosis ("Distinguishing Lyme From Septic Knee Monoarthritis In Lyme Disease-Endemic Areas"). Joint pain or torment can be mixed up with different sorts of joint pain, for example, adolescent rheumatoid joint pain, as well as neurologic symbols can imitate those caused by different conditions, for example, numerous sclerosis. Different contaminations, joint pain, and neurologic illnesses can likewise be misdiagnosed as Lyme sickness. Sources for data on morbidity and mortality The outlines of Notifiable Lyme diseases have the official insights, in plain and realistic structure, for the reported event of broadly Notifiable irresistible maladies for every year. These insights are gathered and ordered from reports sent by state and regional wellbeing offices to the NNDSS, which is working with CDC in a joint effort with CSTE. Lyme disease has been a broadly Notifiable condition within the United States subsequent to 1991 ("Improve Your Knowledge Of Lyme Disease"). Reports of the Lyme infection are gathered and confirmed by the state as well as nearby wellbeing offices as per their lawful command and observation practices. After the evacuation of individual identifiers chose data on cases is imparted to CDC during nationwide Notifiable disease observation framework. Information on distribution of the Lyme disease Host characteristics Within North America, the main bacterium included is Borrelia Burgdorferi and Sensu SStricto, while within Europe or Asia, the microorganisms Borrelia Afzelii as well as Borrelia Garinii are likewise reasons for the disease. The disease does not seem, to be transmissible between individuals, by different creatures, and through food. Every age or sex of individuals might be suffering from this disease and testing of individual ticks is not ordinarily helpful. We presume that entomb yearly variants in entomological danger of presenting to Lyme ailment are associated decidedly with an earlier wealth of key hosts for the juvenile phases of tick vector and with basic nourishment assets for those hosts ("Lyme Disease: Pharmacists Can Help"). Environmental attributes Lyme disease is disseminated over an extensive geographic range in northern calm locales on the planet. In the US, most diseases happen in the accompanying zones: Northeast, from Maine to Virginia. North-focal states, for the most part in Wisconsin as well as Minnesota. West Coast, especially northern California for the Lyme disease to exist in a range. Temporal variation The Atmosphere, deer, and oak seeds each has been planned as essential determinants of worldly variety in danger of human presence to Lyme illness, as calculated by wealth as well as Borrelia-disease pervasiveness within Nymphal-Ixodes ticks. From occasional varieties are basic for tick improvement and their exercises, which are unequivocally influenced by temperatures, the creators expect that the advancement rates of the ticks and also their action rates are time-subordinate (O'Connel). Additional characteristic which contributes to epidemiologic description Lyme sickness is brought about by microscopic organisms called Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted to people through the nibble of tainted black legged ticks. Common indications incorporate fever, cerebral pain, weakness, and a trademark skin rash named as erythema migrans. On the off chance that, left untreated, the disease can spread to joints, the heart, and the sensory system. Lyme disease is analyzed in light of side effects, physical discoveries, and the likelihood of presenting to tainted ticks; research facility testing is useful if utilized accurately and performed with approved strategies ("Lyme Disease: Pharmacists Can Help"). Present hypotheses which have been planned In the year 2005 there was an aggregate of 23,305 instances of Lyme illness reported in the US. Five-thousand-five-hundred-sixty-five of the total cases were accounted for in the New York. Texas reported total sixty-nine cases. Delaware had the most astounding frequency rate of the considerable number of states with total 76.6 for each 100,000. Sources of the information During 2000 to 2013, the sums of 5,473 Lyme sickness cases were accounted for among Hispanics through national observation. Hispanics were more probable than non-Hispanics to have indications of spread disease and onset amid fall months. PMID: 26889721 (Source: Emerging transmittable illness) United State specialists said they have found another bacterial order that causes the Lyme ailment in people (Bartol). References "DIAGNOSIS OF LYME DISEASE". The Lancet 334.8656 (1989): 198-199. Web. "Distinguishing Lyme From Septic Knee Monoarthritis In Lyme Disease-Endemic Areas". PEDIATRICS 131.3 (2013): X15-X15. Web. "Improve Your Knowledge Of Lyme Disease". The Pharmaceutical Journal (2015): n. pag. Web. "Lyme Disease: Pharmacists Can Help". The Pharmaceutical Journal (2014): n. pag. Web. Bartol, J. "Is Lyme Disease Overdiagnosed In Horses?". Equine Vet J 45.5 (2013): 529-530. Web. O'Connel, S. "WITHDRAWN: Lyme Disease". Journal of Infection (2006): n. pag. Web.

The Death Of The American Dream Full Oral Essay Example For Students

The Death Of The American Dream Full Oral Essay Copyright Arian DHandout this first The America Dream holds a greater significance than that of higher wages or greater motorcars. It signifies the inner dream that all men aspire to regardless of how trivial it may seem. The U.S.A Bound by its motto as being a free-for-all nation; it has been labelled since the dawn of its colonial era as being a land of opportunity- giving us the understanding of the real American Dream. We will write a custom essay on The Death Of The American Dream Full Oral specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the United States Declaration of Independence the founding fathers stated: held certain truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.Through the course of change in the world- either through prosperity, capitalism or greed- people have lost focus with the real meaning of the American dream. It is no longer the gamely aspirations of living life to the fullest, providing a better life for yourself and or others; instead, a pursuit for those materialistic aspects in life. American Literae Thomas Wolfe said, to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity .the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever thing his manhood and his vision can combine to make him.This is the essence of the pure idealistic approach one should take towards life and indeed the American dream. The death of the American DreamThrough the narrators dealings with high society, Nick Carraway shows how modern values have transformed the American Dreams pure ideals into a scheme for materialistic power and further, how the world of high society lacks any sense of morals or consequence. The novel represents the American Dream within two facets; with it once being a pure ideal, but now false and corrupted hope that is forever lost to the American people. Gatsby at an early age aspired to greater things; he wanted to better himself. This is a true representative of the former dream. Jimmy was bound to get ahead. He always had some resolves like this or something. Do you notice what hes got about improving his mind? He was always great for that. (Pg. 175)With his hands in his pockets out to determine what share was his of our local heavens. While Nick continues to watch Gatsbys comments: -he Gatsby stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward-and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock (Pg. 21-22)Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgiastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but thats no matter-tomorrow we will run faster, stretch our arms farther. And one fine morning- (Pg. 182)They were careless people, Tom and Daisy- They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that k ept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made (Pg. 180-181)I told him the truthWhat If I did tell him? That fellow had it coming to him (Pg. 187)Gatsby and I in turn leaned down and took the small reluctant hand. Afterward he kept looking at the child with surprise. I dont think he had ever really believed in its existence before. (Pg. 117)an absolute little dream (Pg. 112)Her voice is full of moneyThat was it. Id never understood it before. It was full of money-that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals song of it. High in a white palace the golden girl. (Pg. 120)The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position. In the United States Declaration of Independence the founding fathers stated: held certain truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.Might this sentiment be considered the foundation of the American Dream?Some say, that the American Dream has become the pursuit of material prosperity that people work more hours to get bigger cars, fancier homes the fruits of prosperity for their families but have less time to enjoy their prosperity. Others say that the American Dream is beyond the grasp of the working poor who must work two jobs to insure their familys survival. Yet others look toward a new American Dream with less focus on financial gain and more emphasis on living a simple, fulfilling life, but with one simple aspiration- to reach ones dream. .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc , .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc .postImageUrl , .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc , .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc:hover , .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc:visited , .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc:active { border:0!important; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc:active , .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u69c2c065b3a0030ae4859fa9b67c61fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Colorblind Painter And Its Effects On The Car Accident EssayAmerican Literae Thomas Wolfe said, to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity .the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever thing his manhood and his vision can combine to make him.The American Dream is dead. This is the main theme in F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby. In the novel Fitzgerald gives us a glimpse into the life of the high class during the roaring twenties through the eyes of a moralistic young man named Nick Carraway. It is through the narrators dealings with high society that readers are shown how modern values have transformed the Ame rican Dreams pure ideals into a scheme for materialistic power and further, how the world of high society lacks any sense of morals or consequence. In order to support this message, Fitzgerald presents the original aspects of the American Dream along with its modern face to show that the once impervious dream is now lost forever to the American people. The main qualities of the American Dream presented in The Great Gatsby are perseverance and hope. Another famous characteristic of the American dream is the idea of success against all odds. This is shown through the life of James Gatz, who focused all his attention to living the dream and becoming an American hero. Ever since he was young, Gatz worked hard on becoming a great man. This is documented in Gatzs journal of self-improvement. While showing this journal to Nick, Mr. Gatz professed, Jimmy was bound to get ahead. He always had some resolves like this or something. Do you notice what hes got about improving his mind? He was al ways great for that. (Pg. 175) James Gatz connection to the American dream is further illustrated by the fact that his program for self-improvement is right out of Ben Franklins Autobiography, right down to the smallest details. The content of the schedule and what it was written on shows the reader how Gatsby himself strived to better his life not only mentally, but also physically, they were two more significant qualities that were part of being an American hero: hard-working ambition and a thirst for adventure. The product of all of James Gatzs hard work is the longing Jay Gatsby, who epitomizes one of the main characteristics of the American dream: everlasting hope. Gatsby desire to win Daisys love is his version of the old American dream: an incredible goal and a constant search for the opportunity to reach this goal. This is shown when Gatsby is first introduced into the novel. It is late at night and we find him with his hands in his pockets out to determine what share was hi s of our local heavens. While Nick continues to watch Gatsbys movements he says: -he Gatsby stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward-and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock (Pg. 21-22) The green light that Gatsby reaches out for symbolizes his longing; his longing for Daisy, for money, for acceptance and no matter how much he has he never feels complete. This green light is part of the American Dream. It symbolizes our constant searching for a way to reach that goal just of in the distance, as Nick described it, Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgiastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but thats no matter-tomorrow we will run faster, stretch our arms farther. And one fine morning- (Pg. 182) Gatsbys goal gave him a purpose in life, which sets him apart from the rest of the upper class. He is constantly chasing his dream of being with Daisy, from the moment he stretches toward her house to his finial days of life when he patiently waits for hours outside her house even though she has already abandoned her affair with him. Gatsby is a man who has all of the purest traits of the old American hero, hope, perseverance, hard working ambition, and a thirst for adventure, but he loses them by wearing the dreams modern face. F. Scott Fitzgerald credits the destruction of the American Dream to wealth, privilege, and the lack of humanity that those aspects create. Money is clearly identified as the main culprit in the dreams death. It becomes easily entangled with hope and success and replacing their positions in the American Dream with materialism. This is shown through Gatsbys use of illegal practices and underground connections to make money. Myer Wolfsheim is Fitzgeralds perfect portrayal of the dark underworld of society, a contrast of a co rrupt man and his illegal dealings within the 20s. Gatbys lavish parties, huge mansion, and giant collection of clothing all represent his corruption. His use of status and privilege is demonstrated when his traffic violation is ignored by the police officer. But the worst qualities of the dreams modern face are evident in Tom and Daisy Buchanan, who live without any hopes or regrets because the foundation of their character is money and wealth. Nick describes the Buchanans as such: They were careless people, Tom and Daisy- They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made (Pg. 180-181) An example of the Buchanans carelessness and lack of regret comes when Nicks runs into Tom one last time. When confronted with Gatsbys death Tom merely responds I told him the truthWhat If I did tell him? That fellow had it coming to him (Pg. 187) Ev en though Tom admits to the fact that he is responsible for Gatsbys murder and Wilsons suicide, he continues to claim innocence because he has never known guilt or shame as a member of the established elite. This upper class is shown to be made-up of heartless citizens who have achieved success at the cost of dehumanisation and the selling of their souls. There is a sense of hopelessness at the end of the novel to prove that the purity of the American dream is dead with Daisys baby, Gatsbys death, and Wilsons suicide all examples. The first hint of tragedy begins at the introduction of the Buchanans daughter. When the girl is brought into the salon Nick observes an obvious disturbance in Gatsbys attitude and thinking, Gatsby and I in turn leaned down and took the small reluctant hand. Afterward he kept looking at the child with surprise. I dont think he had ever really believed in its existence before. (Pg. 117) To Gatsby, his dream of love with Daisy far shadowed realisation of lif e, and made him unable to create an image of the future without Daisy. Further, we see how Daisy then calls her child an absolute little dream (Pg. 113), crushing all of Gatsbys hopes of recreating the past. Then the replacement of the American dream with materialism is pointed out moments later when Nick and Gatsby try to comprehend the charm in Daisys voice. At that moment Gatsby says, Her voice is full of money, and Nicks reaches a shock about the upper class society and as society as a whole: That was it. Id never understood it before. It was full of money-that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals song of it. High in a white palace the golden girl. (Pg. 120) With this revelation all of Daisys charm and beauty is stripped away and only money is left to be admired. Gatsby then realizes that his dream he has been pursing is not that of love but of money hidden behind a human face. Afterwards, When Gatsby dies; any chance of the old Ame rican Dream of surviving in the dehumanised modern world is destroyed with him. All of the hopes and dreams that strengthened and uplifted Gatsby are shattered as he lies in his pool, dazed and confused about the world he is living in and about to leave. After shooting Gatsby, George Wilson, the symbol of the common man who is trying to achieve his own success in the modern dream, commits suicide. The deaths of both the rich and poor man trying to achieve their goals symbolize the death of the old American Dream. The dream is now completely lost and can never be restored. Through the tragic story of Jay Gatsby and his failed attempt to reach his dream, F. Scott Fitzgerald also describes the tragic death of American values. The characters in The Great Gatsby are mere examples of Fitzgeralds message- the old American dream and all of its pure ideals have been replaced with money, greed, and materialism. Nick Carraway conveys this message as an outsider, an honest man from the mid-west who witnesses the whole affair as an observer. The Great Gatsby is not about the life and death of James Gatz, but about what James Gatz stood for. It is about the life and death of the old American Dream.

Four Studying Tips for an Essay Test

Four Studying Tips for an Essay Test Test day is here. You’ve packed your brain full of definitions, dates, and details, preparing for a marathon of multiple choice and true false questions, and now you’re staring at a single, solitary, terrifying essay question. How could this happen? You’re suddenly fighting for your life (okay, a grade), and your only weapons are a blank piece of paper and a pencil. What can you do? Next time, prepare for the test as if you know it will be an essay test.​ Why Do Teachers Use Essay Questions? Essay questions are based on themes and overall ideas. Teachers like to use essay questions because they give students the opportunity to express everything they’ve learned over the weeks or months, using their own words. Essay test answers reveal more than the bare facts, though. When submitting essay answers, students are expected to cover lots of information in an organized, sensible manner. But what if you prepare for an essay question and the teacher doesn’t ask one? No problem. If you use these tips and understand the themes and ideas of the test period, the other questions will come easily. 4 Essay Question Study Tips Review chapter titles. Textbook chapters often refer to themes. Look at each relevant title and think of smaller ideas, chains of events, and relevant terms that fit within that theme.As you take notes, look for teacher code words. If you hear your teacher use words like â€Å"once again we see† or â€Å"another similar event occurred,† make note of it. Anything that indicates a pattern or chain of events is key.Think of a theme every day. Every few nights as you review your class notes, look for themes. Come up with your own essay questions based on your themes.Practice your essay questions. As you do, make sure you use vocabulary terms found in your notes and text. Underline them as you go, and go back to review their relevance. If you take effective notes and think in terms of themes as you study each night, you’ll be prepared for every type of test question. You’ll soon find that, in understanding the theme of each lesson or chapter, you’ll begin to think more like your teacher thinks. You will also begin to form a deeper understanding of the test material overall.

Diminish, Decline, and Dwindle

Diminish, Decline, and Dwindle Diminish, Decline, and Dwindle Diminish, Decline, and Dwindle By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Can you please post an article on the correct usage of the words diminish, decline, and dwindle?  I believe diminish is used with uncountable nouns such as the light diminishes, decline is used with abstract and uncountable nouns such as â€Å"decline in quality† or â€Å"decline in performance,† and dwindle is used only with countable nouns such as â€Å"the population of tigers has dwindled.† This question, so intellectual and logic-seeking, made me aware in striking fashion how differently speakers approach language. Were I debating which of the three verbs to use- diminish, decline, or dwindle- I would weigh their distinctive emotive qualities, never giving a thought to whether they refer to countable or non-countable nouns. As it happens, all three of these verbs may be used with countable or uncountable nouns when the intended meaning is â€Å"to lessen† or â€Å"to become smaller.† Deciding which to choose depends upon context and the connotation wanted. Diminish descends from a Latin verb meaning â€Å"to cut small. Ancient Latin had the verb diminuere, â€Å"to break into small pieces, and diminuere, â€Å"to make smaller, to reduce in size.† Decline derives from Latin declinare, â€Å"to turn or bend away or aside from the straight course.† Dwindle derives from dwine, an archaic English verb meaning, â€Å"to waste or pine away.† That all three are used interchangeably in modern English is illustrated by the following examples from the Web: As populations age and revenues diminish, government and private pension funds around the world are facing insolvency. Nevada and Strip gaming revenues decline in February Chicago food fest struggles as revenues dwindle Diminish conveys a lessening of the strength or quality of something. Its most common use is with uncountable nouns: Are we getting more stupid? Researchers claim our intelligence is diminishing as we no longer need it to survive Researchers have some new insights into how power  diminishes  a persons capacity for  empathy. Our smartphones supply endless possibilities for entertainment, but a new study shows they can diminish the quality of users time away from work or school. Decline connotes a gradual diminishing, like something moving down a slope. We had watched our children decline, fall into drug and alcohol abuse, fail to perform at school, lose jobs, abandon relationships, become unable to function in the family or society, and we hadn’t known why.   Agriculture is  declining day by day. The six monthshad been for me a sorrowful waiting game of watching [my mother] decline and wondering which day would be her last. Dwindle suggests a gradual diminution into nothingness or something close to it. A novel’s plot might dwindle to a disappointing close. A dying battery causes a flashlight’s illumination to dwindle. The liquid in the â€Å"Drink Me† vial causes Alice to dwindle in size. An excellent photographic visualization of dwindling is what the Wicked Witch of the West does when Dorothy throws water on her in The Wizard of Oz. A quotation that I associate with the word dwindle is the line that concludes Millamant’s monologue to her fiancà © Mirabell in Congreve’s Way of the World. After listing the freedoms she enjoyed as an unmarried woman as conditions (articles) that he must agree to if he wants her to go through with the marriage, she concludes with this statement: These articles subscribed, if I continue to endure you a little longer, I may by degrees dwindle into a wife. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive At41 Words That Are Better Than GoodTrooper or Trouper?

Influence of (items choose from the requirement) on the culture of an Essay

Influence of (items choose from the requirement) on the culture of an organisation and the way in which employees are managed 2235 - Essay Example Moreover, organizations are nowadays more inclined towards horizontal structure such team as compared to the traditionally preferred vertical hierarchy (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2009). Change trends and patterns have led to the increased emphasis on the effective management of people. With these changes and patterns at affect, academics and the practitioners have increased attention towards the developing systems for the effective management of working groups and teams (John, 2002). Importantly, as a consequence of the teams and working groups, organization also increases the chances of the conflicts that require negotiations for resolution (Maybey, Salaman, and Storey, 1999). All this is critical in maintaining a healthy organizational culture in an organization. With this backdrop of the human resource management and the organizational culture with role of teams and working groups as well as conflicts and negotiations in an organization, this report is aimed at developed review of these aspects on theoretical grounds and its organizational implications. In groups individual task is important but in team to achieve the goal of overall team is more important, which means everyone’s outcome is more important as compare to individual outcome (Kramar, Mcgrew, & Schuler. 1997). In group individual was accountable for his performance but in team, every team member will be held accountable for the performance. For the guidance of the team so that it works in a flow and with high productivity team leaders are being selected from the senior managers. A work group consists of two or three people who belong to same department but divided to achieve different task of that department (Newman, & Hodgetts, 1998). For example, one employee is assigned to conduct marketing research; another employee is assigned to do a marketing campaign of their product. Although it is a group work but in this an individual is responsible for his own act and every group member is

A case study Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd Essay

A case study Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd - Essay Example The present revenue is $13.9 billion and the net income is $2.000 billion. Labour force is one of the main input for Teva and the current number of employees is 35,089. Comparing the cost structure for innovative and generic cost structure for the year 2005, the net sale was cent percent for the both but the gross profit was lower   for the generic with respect to the innovative. However, the rate of growth of total sales was higher for generic than the innovative. There was a positive correlation between gross profit and R&d expenses, SG & A expenses (Bank of America Securities). The revenue was gradually increasing til 2005 in U.S., Western Europe and rest of the world (Medical and healthcare marketplace guide). The annual sale of Teva is highest comparing with its all competitors. Teva has sold a large proportion of their total production in U.S.(Medical and healthcare marketplace guide). In number of employees and market capitals, Teva was maintaining the leading position. Comp aring the strategic position with its competitors, we can say that there were considerable differences in case of total market share in U.S., growth in U.S., number of products in U.S. and also the FDA approvals (Medical and healthcare marketplace guide) in 2005. Teva maintained the leading position in all these strategic position as well as in the case of profitability. Revenue growth and net income growth is incomparably higher than its competitors are. In 2005, Teva made a deal with highest value worth $ 7,367 million.  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Illuminati and New World Order Essay Example for Free

Illuminati and New World Order Essay Conspiracy theories have been around forever, but today there seems thousands of them. These theories are developed over time, by looking at past and current events throughout time. When we look at these events, we reanalyze them and question whether or not there is more to the story. This is done because we like to create ideas and seek the truth. One of the most well known conspiracy theories is the secret group known as the Illuminati. The Illuminati in modern times is thought of as a secret group, whose members are made of the worlds most influential and famous. These members include world leaders such as presidents, prime ministers and dictators. Even many celebrities are mentioned, mostly being well known song artist. The goal of the Illuminati is to control the economy and use mind control to establish a new world order. All the members involved are rumored to be self-seeking opportunist who perform satanic rituals to bring harm to the masses for their own spiteful desires. Even though This might be just another bogus theory, it is important to be aware of it, otherwise we are doomed because We cant allow ourselves to be blind to the truth and the rich will take advantage of us. Since the Illuminati has control over world finance, politics and media they control a lot of the way we live, but not how we live. Ive looked into the Illuminati for almost five years now and its crazy how much of a stir this idea has caused and how many people talk about it. To me this just gives the theory strength and once an idea has enough believers to back it up, thats when the threnody is no longer just a thought, its a reality. With an idea like this becoming so powerful, its common sense we need to keep our eye open especially with crazy people who will try to attack influential people whom page they believe to be members of the Illuminati. Either way its always nice to be open minded and aware in your approach to life. Now as for the legitimacy of the Illuminati, its real and refers to a very old group called the Bavarian Illuminati, founded by Adam Weishaupt. The term Illuminati comes from the Latin word illuminatus, meaning â€Å"enlightened†. The members of the group were known as the enlightened ones. The Illuminati in the 1700s had a goal to eradicate superstition and the Roman churches domination over science and philosophy. Even though the group only gathered 2,000 members within the span of ten years, keep in mind it was the 1700s and all the members where very influential people. Those influential people were literary men who were attracted to the group because of they faced the same opposition. Eventually Karl Theodore became ruler of Bavaria and he decided to put a ban on all secret groups like the Illuminate, due to his ties with religion. This is where the original Illuminati was supposed to have been disbanded, but throughout time former members who spread their influence and rose back to power. This is where the conspiracy theory starts and the modern day Illuminati begins to rise to power. How they kept communication is widely argued about, the only thing that is consistent is that the old members that were cast out from the original group scattered out and recruited new influential members across the globe from Napoleon Bonaparte to George Washington. Eventually the American Revolution happens and America gains its independence. With George Washington leading this new born nation, this country was being guided by a man who pledged his allegiance to Lucifer in order to gain wealth and fame, at the cost of the suffering of others. With so much power the Illuminati began to rise and never stopped, due to how great a nation America became. Today America is arguably the lone super power nation, filled with the most diverse population and greatest minds from everywhere, we have found a home. The only problem is the Illuminati is a guest in our home and will make it their own if were not aware. Most people would say if secret page organizations like this were so powerful, it would be obvious to spot out and destroy it. This is half true, they are powerful, but with media distracting us everywhere we go, its easy to blend in. The Illuminati will remain hidden until they want to make their big move for world domination. In order to survive we must keep track of its active members and try to limit their growth as much as we can. This theory has been going around ever since the first group broke up in the 1700s and the theory has only continued to grown due to its infamy and signs of credibility. The theory has been presented from everyone all over the world. With a theory as big as this one has become, there are going to be a lot of issues and there needs to be some proof to back its claim. Now its time to show all the symbolism the Illuminati uses to communicate with each other right under the publics nose. They control the currency and the bills we use in America. On the one dollar bill there are so many coincidences. The main one being the eye in the pyramid on the back of the dollar bill. The Illuminatis main symbol the all seeing eye staying true to their original symbol back in the 1700s. Now this may seem like an extremely far fetched coincidence, but theres more. The latin words above and below the pyramid. Above the pyramid it says Annuit Caecares, in latin this means annoucing the birth. then below the pyramid it says nuevos ordo seclorum meaning New world order. Announcing the birth of a new world order seems fitting because America gained its independence, but the next part is where you start to question whats really going on. Below the pyramid is a date May 1st, 1776. The birth of the original Illuminati, not America. It doesnt stop there even the Eagle holding 13 olive branches and 13 arrows. This goes along with 13 stripes on the American flag and the 13 stars above the eagles head. Finally another latin phrase above the eagles head E plubus unum meaning one out of many because thats exactly who controls the worlds money, the 1%. The eagle itself isnt based on the bald eagle, its based on a phoenix. The 1782 seal depicts a Phoenix holding arrows and an olive branch. The same seal the original Illuminati used. Theres just too many obvious signs that some thing is going on with American power in relation to the Illuminati. page Another Illuminati symbol is the owl because of its the symbol of Mivera, the goddess of wisdom. The owl is shown as well in the upper right corner of the face on the one dollar bill. Supposedly many US presidents have bowed down to a giant Owl statue locatin at the bohemian grove. The Bohemian Grove located in Monte Rio, California is a major planning and meeting place of the secret group. The manhattan project was rumored to have been planned there. Also Nixon and Reagan decided who would run for president in that spot as well-(herbs 21). Symbolism is a very important thing when it comes to the illuminati to stay alert of its presence. Especially when it comes to the media and people we look up to.

Hara-kiri - the spirit of Japan :: essays research papers

Almost one million people die in Japan every year. In other words, people die every 31 seconds. Some people die because of illness. Some people die because of car accident. Some people commit suicide. There are many kinds of death in this world. I believe most of those deaths are disconsolate and absurd. However, the honorable but unbelievable death existed in Japan in the middle ages. We call that hara-kiri. Hara-kiri is basically an act of killing your self by cutting open your stomach with a sword, performed especially by the warrior, to avoid shame or losing honor. Before I start talking about hara-kiri, I need to explain about the history of Japan. Japanese society has a history of only 120 years since shedding its feudal system. The origin of feudal system is more than 1,000 years ago, so it is still underlying thought of Japanese. Hara-kiri performed especially by the warrior called samurai as indicated above. The samurai were the members of the military class, the Japanese warriors. Samurai employed a range of weapons such as bows and arrows, spears and guns, but their most famous weapon and their symbol was the sword. Samurai were supposed to lead their lives according to the ethic code of bushido ("the way of the warrior"). Strongly Confucian in nature, Bushido stressed concepts such as loyalty to one's master, self discipline and respectful, ethical behavior. There are many reasons to commit hara-kiri. For example, after a defeat, some samurai decide to commit hara-kiri rather than being captured or dying a dishonorable death. Japanese culture sometimes called â€Å"shame culture† as oppose to the Western â€Å"guilt culture.† According to this thought in western countries, the absolute moral standard of guilt is the principle of people’s behavior, but in Japan, the behavior is ruled by the external feeling of shame. Particularly for samurai in the feudal period, being put to shame in public was as good as being dead. These are examples of hara-kiri from Japanese history. In 1580, Bessho Nagaharu who governed southern part of Japan and his men were cut off from their food supply in a beleaguered castle by their enemy for 20 months. At last, Bessho ran out of provisions. The longer he stayed, the more men were starved to death, and it was a taboo to surrender at that period. However, there was one way to save his men and avoid shame of surrender.

How can India get more Olympic Medals Essay

In 2004 Athens Olympics, India celebrated it’s achievement of the one silver medal it won in Shooting. After four years, in 2008 Beijing Olympics, India won a gold medal in 10m Air Rifle event and one bronze medal each, in Wrestling and Boxing. The international media appreciated this as a rare feat from a ‘non-athletic nation’. The tag ‘non-athletic nation’ can be refuted considering the craze for cricket in India. However, that is not the bone of contention here. India is considered as a non-athletic nation because of it’s consistent poor performance before the world audience in this quadrennial event. India has 17% of the world population but won only 0. 31% of the total medals in Beijing Olympics. Thus, there is an urgent need for a strategy that can help India win more Olympic medals. It is important to understand ‘why’ India has not been able to get more Olympic medals before answering ‘how’ to get the same. Well, the sportsmen and women in India often complain about lack of adequate sources, funds, infrastructure, equipment, sponsorship and encouragement for sports and games other than cricket in the country. Corruption, political intervention and unwillingness of sports authorities are also cited as the root causes. Inadequate training programmes and practice sessions which do not meet international standards are said to be another reason for dismal performances in the Olympics. Besides the above, another most important reason is the discouragement and disinterest showed by parents and teachers to their children’s interest in sports and games. The solution lies in addressing or targeting the above problems. In the first place, parents and teachers should make an extra effort to identify a child’s inclination towards sports. Children of all ages should be encouraged to actively participate in sports as it will help in their overall physical and mental development. Schools should include sports as an integral part of their curriculum. Sports competitions should be held at local and regional levels, and students interested in a particular game, should be provided with further training. This can help children cultivate sportsmanship qualities and also gain experience in the game. Secondly, the state and central governments should provide adequate funds and resources for upgraded training programs, necessary infrastructure, equipment and other facilities to sportspersons. For instance, the government and sports authorities in China have not only planned to successfully host 2008 Olympic games in Beijing, but also have designed ‘Project 119’ towards winning gold[s] in the medal rich sports of swimming, track, rowing, kayaking and sailing. Under this project, intensive training at par with international standards was provided to athletes and participants of various games. India needs to design and implement such goal-oriented projects to clinch more medals in Olympic games. Thirdly, all the encouragement, resources and participation would go waste without a proper coach. The nuances and tricks of the game can only be learnt from a good trainer. Even in Mahabharata, the great India epic, a master-archer like Arjuna was trained by his versatile teacher, Dhronacharya. Hence, trainers with good performance record, experience and exposure to national and international sports should be appointed as sports coach to train the athletes. In addition to this, steps should be taken to sever the tentacles of this monstrous octopus called ‘corruption’ which has made it’s way into every part of human life including sports and games. Sanctioning and providing adequate funds is one step but utilizing them efficiently for the purpose meant, is an altogether different step. Accounts should be audited to ensure proper appropriation of funds. Authorities holding positions in sports organizations, associations and selection committees should be held accountable and punished in the event of any misuse of the allocated funds. Moreover, favoritism and bias in selection of team members, appointment of trainers, etc. should be strictly discouraged. It should be ensured that the only criteria for selecting a player or a coach on the team should be his/ her performance record and definitely not their personal background or relation with the members on Selection committee. Care should be taken to not repeat cases like Monica Devi, a wrestler from Manipur, who was dropped from the Indian contingent to 2008 Beijing Olympics in the last minute. The issue is yet to be solved. Such incidents can lead to resentment among players. Finally, sports in India should expand and reach beyond cricket. Cricket has managed to attract huge fanfare, reputed brand names for sponsorship and popular celebrities like industrialists and bollywood actors. Cash-rich Indian Premier League stands as a testimony to this. Similar treatment is due to be accorded to other sports. Private sponsorers including domestic and multinational companies should be invited to offer sponsorship to sportsmen of other games. Wide publicity should be given to other sports by broadcasting them on television. Medal winning performance should be duly rewarded by the central and state governments. However, inspite of all the hurdles and hiccups, Abhinav Bindra, Sushil Kumar and Vijendra Kumar created history at the Beijing Olympics 2008. This clearly shows that without obstacles, India would stand second to none in the Olympic Medal chart.

Rastafarianism Beliefs and Rituals Essay

The incorporation in many modern societies of dread locks amongst youths, the ever increasing efforts to legalize marijuana; what started out as an entirely black oriented religion spread throughout the world, particularly in the 1970s because of the popularity of reggae music, and currently has around one million followers in Japan, New Zealand, and elsewhere (Simpson 96) , along with many other activities that we are accustomed to in the American pluralistic society, represents a form of rituals and beliefs that have been brought to the mainstream by the Rastafarians. I had often been puzzled by the way in which my Rastafarian friends viewed and behaved within each different situation; in particular how happy and settled they usually were even on the most difficult conditions. The Rastafarian religion’s beliefs and rituals are extremely rich and pure; throughout extensive research it was possible to unveil six main beliefs that can be considered truly Rastafarians, one of th em stating that Haile Selassie I is the only God. These beliefs don’t hold true in a theological point of view because the bible teaches us of the Holy Trinity, and clearly proves that Jesus Christ is the son of God, the only living God, and that salvation can only be obtained through Jesus Christ. Before describing exactly what Rastafarianism’s religious beliefs and rituals are, it is important to understand the religious background. Rastafarianism is relatively new religion based on the African traditional religion. The Rastafarian religion falls into the Experiential/Emotional Dimension due to its particular distinctions between that which is profane and that which is sacred, and also to their careful distinction of food that the followers of this sect of religion’s are allowed to eat. Rastafarians don’t build special places for worship because they believe that their own body is the true church or temple of God; Although, some Rastafarians have created temples, as some call spiritual meeting centers i n international communities with large Rastafarian population. As a religion Rastafari is difficult to encapsulate, it might be meaningfully described as a spiritual movement that started in  Jamaica with a goal rooted in returning to, retrieving, or reinventing African heritage and identity. The name Rastafari derives from the title and given name (Ras, translated as â€Å"prince,† and Tafari, â€Å"he who must be feared,† from the Amharic language of Ethiopia) of Haile Selassie (Amharic for â€Å"power of the Trinity†; 1892–1975), the former Ethiopian emperor, whom most Rastafari worship as a God-king or messiah (Morris 217). Rastafari emphasizes the interior location of deity (Haile Selassie I), often referred to as I and I instead of We which represents an overdetermined symbol that includes both a sense of the self as divinity residing internally and the notion that the spirit and power of Haile Selassie I dwell within each individual Rastafari. Because of their cultural background some of their beliefs are sim ilarly shared by those of the Lost/Found Nation of Islam (Corduan, 104) although it differs on the prophetic message. One might wonder about what are the main religious beliefs of Rastafarians. First it’s important to define religious beliefs. Religious belief is a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny. Such a state may relate to the existence, characteristic and worship of the deity or deities, divine intervention in the universe and human life, or values and practices centered on teachings of spiritual leaders (although Rastafarianism doesn’t have spiritual leaders), religious beliefs are usually codified. This power derives not from a body of systematic or logical truth, but rather from the psychological, emotional content of ideology (Barret, 103). The Rastafarians have developed for themselves a body of myth and rituals which can be summarized in a systematic form. Throughout my investigation, only the central ideas will be discussed along with the most basic rituals of the movement. Note also that many beliefs and rituals may vary from one group to the next depending on their demographic location. Information regarding this investigation was obtained from various internet sources, books, and scholarly published journals. There are a few main beliefs that can be described as being truly Rastafarians, They are the following! Haile Selassie is the living God. All true Rastafarians believe that Haile Selassie, the emperor of Ethiopia, is the true and living God, at least for the black race. One member of the Rastafarian Repatriation Association it explained this way: We know before that when a king should be  crowned in the land of David’s throne, that individual would be Shiloh, the anointed one, the Messiah, the Christ returned in the personification of Rastafari. He (Ras Tafari) is the â€Å"Ancient of Days† (The bearded God). The scripture declares that â€Å"the hair of whose head was like wool (matted hair), whose feet were like unto burning b rass† (i.e., black skin). The scripture declares that God hangs in motionless space surrounded with thick darkness (hence a black man). Rastafarians also regard Haile Selassie I as God because of Marcus Garvey’s prophesy â€Å"Look to Africa where a black king shall be crowned, he shall be the redeemer â€Å"was swiftly followed by the ascension of Haile Selassie I as Emperor of Ethiopia. The notion of Haile Selassie being the God of the black race is supported by the Rastafarian idea that God himself is black, a claim backed by the biblical text found in Jeremiah 8:12 â€Å" For the hurt of the daughter of my people am I hurt, I am black; as astonishment hath taken hold of me†. This scripture is true, but one must be careful on how to use scriptures in order to defend our own views based on racial principles. It is necessary to study and understand completely the Holy Bible, and not quote verses that seem favorable for that moment our use at that instance. Rastafarians offer justification for the divinity of Haile Selassie I, by using biblical names such as Lord of the Lords, King of Kings and Conquering Lion of the tribe of Judah for Haile Selassie I. further proof that Haile Selassie I is not God can be said because this term had been used throughout history to describe Ethiopian Emperors and describing him as another God would be taking the Rastafarian religion as a variation of Hinduism in which reincarnation of God’s is common. Many Rastafarians trace Haile Selassie’s lineage back to King Salomon and the Queen of Sheba. They believe that the Queen of Sheba’s visit to King Solomon found in the Book of Kings (1 Kings 10:1-13) provides further proof of the divinity of Haile Selassie I. Rastafarians believe that King Salomon and Queen of Sheba had sexual intercourse during the visit, which led to the conception of a child who was in the same line of descendants as Haile Selassie I; which to many of them this shows the divine nature of Haile Selassie as he is therefore related to Salomon’s father King David and therefore to Jesus. This perception is basically a Rastafarian myth since there are no literature that defends the idea of King Salomon and Queen of Sheba being involved sexually and this idea arose because King Solomon is well known for  being unfaithful and married different woman in order to expand his empire. The Rastafarians also believe that the lord Jesus Christ spoken of in the bible is Haile Selassie I and believe that the early Christians missionaries present him as a Jew in order to hide from the black slaves their true identity. However, the research shows that Haile Selassie I was a devoted Christian and did not want to be perceived as a God, which contradicts one of the main beliefs of the Rastafarians. According to Rastafarian teaching, the black person is the reincarnation of ancient Israel, who at the hand of the white person, has been exiled in Jamaica, because they believe to be Israelites, they have not been able to break away from the world â€Å"Israel†. They believe that Israelites and Ethiopians are basically the same name referring to holy people. The idea of Ethiopia being Israel â€Å"Israelite state founded in 1947† and that Jamaicans Slaves came from Ethiopia is completely false; and African History shows that Jamaican slaves came from different part s of Africa not from Ethiopia; Ethiopia is actually the only country that was not exposed through slavery and that Slavery act According to the Rastafarians, they, the true Israelites have been punished for their sins by God, their father through slavery under whites. This sin has led to their exile in Jamaica. They believed to have been long pardoned by God, and should have returned to Ethiopia long time ago, but because of the slavemasters’ trickery, they have been unable to do so (Barret 112). Another major Rastafarian teaching states that the white person is inferior to the black person. This idea of black supremacy comes largely as an echo from the days of Marcus Garvey and remains a strong point in both the Black Muslins in the (United States) and the Jamaican Rastafarian movements. As example from Garvey’s African Fundamentalism we read: If others laugh at you, return the laughter to them; if they mimic you, return the compliment with equal force. They have no more right to dishonor, disrespect and disregard your feeling and manhood than you have in dealing with them. Honor them when they honor you; disrespect and disregard them when they vilely treat you. Their arrogance is but skin deep and an assumption that has no foundation of morals or in law (Barret, 114). I greatly disagree with the idea of black or white supremacy because God has made us equal in every sense, and that the only perfect man to ever walk in the earth did not see ethnicity but taught  us that the most important thing in the world is to love each other. Rastafarians believe that not all white people are evil. I have previously mentioned that this Rastafarian belief is very similar to the Black Muslin movement as can be seen in the supreme wisdom of Elijah Muhammad that says: The original man is none other than black man, the black man is the first and the last: creator of the universe and the primogenitor of all other races including the white race, for which a black man used a special method of birth control. White man’s history is only six thousand years long, but black man coexistence with the creation of the earth†¦ Everywhere the white man has go ne on our planet they have found the original man or sign that he has been there previously (Morris, 118). The last major Rastafarian belief states that Jamaica is Hell; and Ethiopia is Heaven thus representing their idea of Heaven on earth. Rastafarians regard ‘Ethiopia’ as their homeland and believe they will eventually return. During periods of colonization Africans were divided up and sent to destinations throughout the world, in most cases as slaves to whites. This is why many Africans found themselves in Jamaica and why it is regarded by many Rastafarians as hell. Ethiopia, the homeland, was seen as a place of fond memories of freedom and life prior to oppression. This meant it eventually became regarded as heaven. To develop this belief Rastafarians refer to Psalm 137:1 â€Å"By the Rivers of Babylon we sat down; there we wept when we remembered Zion†. The intent of this belief was to lift up their morale and give them hope of a place where blacks just as much rights as their fellow whites. I completely agree with this idea of Ethiopia representing Zion for Jama ican slaves. One important aspect of the Rastafarian religion is to be found on its rituals. The most important ceremonial occasion is the Nyabinghi, which is held to commemorate events that are sacred to the Rastafari. Nyabinghi was a religious-political cult that resisted colonial domination in Uganda in the last decade of the nineteenth century. It was also a term that came to suggest a secret organization, Nyabinghi, which swore on oath ‘death to whites’ (Chevannes 1995, 15). In contemporary setting, it essentially refers to Rastafari ritual meetings, otherwise known as groundation, a conflation of the words ‘ground’ and ‘foundation’ (Morris, 219). The typical Nyabinghi meetings were held monthly or on specific occasions, such as to mark the coronation or birthday of Haile Selassie. They began in the early evening and would last  for an entire night or extend for several days with prayers, readings from the bible, dancing, smoking of ganja, and feasting. The other kind of ritual is more informal and consists of a small gathering o f brethren who share the smoking of the sacred weed, ganja, and engage in what is described as ‘reasoning’ (Chevannes 1995,17). The weed is to be passed on a clockwise manner; the only time that the weed is passed on a counterclockwise is at the time of war. Yet although there is very little in the way of rituals among the Rastafari and they repudiated baptism and funeral rituals, nevertheless there are crucial rituals focused around the individual person and the body. The other aspect of Rastafari personal rituals is the emphasis on I-tal [natural] food and the ritual avoidance of many foods that aren’t considered natural. The Rastafari, in varying degrees, refrain from drinking alcohol (which is associated with aggression), using salt in their cooking, eating meat (which is associated with sexuality), and even express a revulsion for chickens and goats that, like the pig, are associated with scavenging. Rastafarians express a viewpoint that is essentially naturalistic and ecological, for like the early romantics, they have a positive attitude towards nature and organic life. Yet though affirming that they are vegetarians and non-violent, the key image that they promote of themselves is, ironically, that of a lion aggressive, proud, dominant, dreadful, and they ‘simulate the spirit of the lion in the way they wear they locks and in the way they walk (Morris, 221). Rastafarians reject the use of alcohol, since is a fermented chemical that does not belong in the temple of the body and make a person completely stupid, thereby playing into the hands of the white leaders. This is contrasted with the holy herb of marijuana, which is natural and believed by Rastas to open their mind and assist in reasoning. Throughout this research, it was possible to see that Rastafarians like other non Christian religions often ignore some teachings of the Holy Bible in favor certain scriptures that defend their wrong doing. Nowhere in the Holy Scriptures says that the smoking of Marijuana enhances one’s ability to communicate with God, Paul teaches us that Christ is our only way to God, and despises the use of narcotics! The emphasis is to accept Jesus Christ as our savior and live a life that glorifies him, so the use of marijuana is not the right way to get God’s attention. Some people, most people like me haven’t spent enough time studying and understanding the essence and different types of religions. Rastafarians are very passionate and caring people who by the smoking of ganja believe to have a better understand of the world; they beliefs and rituals are very rich and pure. Although their all religion is based on revolutionary ideas rather than biblical techings; I believe that they have not understood that the New Testament gives us a clear guidance on how to live for God even when on face of persecution, and that the only living God has already walked on the earth two thousand years ago. A careful study is necessary in order to create basis and understand of their background which throughout my research I found it to be very contradictory of what the bible teaches us about God. In conclusion; contradiction is the main word I can find to describe Rastafarianism beliefs and rituals. Works Cited Morris, Brian. Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print. Corduan, Winfried. Neighboring Faiths. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1998. Print. Barret, Leonard. The Rastafarians. Boston: Beacon Press,1997. Google Book Search. Web. 20 November 2012. Chevannes, Barry. â€Å"The continuity creative debate, the case of revival.† Diss. University of the West Indies, 1995. Print. Simpson, George. â€Å"Afro-Caribbean Religions†. The Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Mircea Eliade. New York: McMillan, 1995. Print.

Writing a Research Paper Using Color-Coded Index Cards

Writing a Research Paper Using Color-Coded Index Cards A research paper is primarily a discussion or argument based on a thesis, which includes evidence from several collected sources. While it may seem like a monumental project to write a research paper, it is really a straightforward process that you can follow, step by step. Before you get started, make sure you have plenty of note paper, several multi-colored highlighters, and a pack of multi-colored index cards. You should also read over the checklist for research ethics  before you begin, so you dont head down the wrong path! Organizing your Research Paper Youll use the following steps to complete your assignment. 1. Select a topic2. Find sources3. Take notes on colored index cards4. Arrange your notes by topic5. Write an outline6. Write a first draft7. Revise and re-write8. Proofread Library Research Become familiar with the services and layout of the library. There will be a card catalog and computers for database searches, but you dont need to tackle those alone. There will be library personnel on hand to show you how to use these resources. Dont be afraid to ask! Select a Research Paper Topic Once you narrow your choices to a specific subject area, find three specific questions to answer about your topic. A common mistake by students is to choose a final topic that is too general. Try to be specific: What is tornado alley? Are certain states really more likely to suffer from tornadoes? Why? One of your questions will turn into a thesis statement, after you do a little preliminary research to find theories to answer to your questions. Remember, a thesis is a statement, not a question. Find Sources Use the card catalog or computer database in the library to locate books. (See Sources to Avoid.) Find several books that seem to be relevant to your topic. There will also be a periodical guide in the library. Periodicals are publications issued on a regular basis, like magazines, journals, and newspapers. Use a search engine to find a list of articles relating to your topic. Make sure to find articles in periodicals that are located in your library. (See How to Find an Article.) Sit at your work table and scan through your sources. Some titles can be misleading, so you’ll have some sources that don’t pan out. You can do a quick read over the materials to determine which ones contain useful information. Taking Notes As you scan your sources, you will begin to zero in on a thesis. Several sub-topics will also begin to emerge. Using our tornado topic as an example, a sub-topic would be the Fujita Tornado Scale. Start taking notes from your sources, using color coding for the sub-topics. For instance, all information referring to the Fujita Scale would go on orange note cards. You may find it necessary to photocopy articles or encyclopedia entries so you can take them home. If you do this, use the highlighters to mark the useful passages in the relevant colors. Every time you take a note, be sure to write down all bibliographical information to include author, book title, article title, page numbers, volume number, publisher name and dates. Write this information on each and every index card and photocopy. This is absolutely critical! Arrange Your Notes by Topics Once you have taken color-coded notes, you will be able to sort your notes more easily. Sort the cards by colors. Then, arrange by relevance. These will become your paragraphs. You may have several paragraphs for each sub-topic. Outline Your Research Paper Write an outline, according to your sorted cards. You may find that some of the cards fit better with different â€Å"colors† or sub-topics, so simply re-arrange your cards. That’s a normal part of the process. Your paper is taking shape and becoming a logical argument or position statement. Write a First Draft Develop a strong thesis statement and introductory paragraph. Follow through with your sub-topics. You may find that you don’t have enough material, and you may need to supplement your paper with additional research. Your paper may not flow very well on the first try. (This is why we have first drafts!) Read it over and re-arrange paragraphs, add paragraphs, and omit information that doesn’t seem to belong. Keep editing and re-writing until you’re happy. Create a bibliography from your note cards. (See citation makers.) Proofread When you think you are happy with your paper, proof read! Make sure it is free of spelling, grammatical, or typographical errors. Also, check to make sure you’ve included every source in your bibliography. Finally, check the original instructions from your teacher to make sure you are following all assigned preferences, like title page directions and placement of page numbers.

Rumiqolqa - Primary Source of Incan Masonry

Rumiqolqa - Primary Source of Incan Masonry Rumiqolqa (spelled variously Rumiqullqa, Rumi Qullqa or Rumicolca) is the name of the major stone quarry used by the Inca Empire to construct its buildings, roads, plazas and towers. Located approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) southeast of the Inca capital of Cusco in the Rio Huatanay valley of Peru, the quarry is on the left bank of the river Vilcanota, off the Inca road leading from Cusco to Qollasuyu. Its elevation is 3,330 meters (11,000 feet), which is slightly below Cusco, at 3,400 m (11,200 ft). Many of the buildings in the royal district of Cusco were constructed of finely cut ashlar stone from Rumiqolqa. The name Rumiqolqa means stone storehouse in the Quechua language, and it was used as a quarry in highland Peru perhaps beginning in the Wari period (~550-900 AD) and up through the latter part of the 20th century. The Inca period Rumiqolqa operation probably spanned an area of between 100 and 200 hectares (250-500 acres). The main stone at Rumiqolqa is bedrock, a dark grey horneblende andesite, made up of plagioclase feldspar, basaltic horneblende and biotite. The rock is flow-banded and sometimes glassy, and it sometimes exhibits conchoidal fractures. Rumiqolqa is the most important of the many quarries used by the Inca for constructing administrative and religious buildings, and they sometimes transported building material thousands of kilometers from the point of origin. Multiple quarries were used for many of the buildings: typically Inca stonemasons would use the closest quarry for a given structure but transport in stone from other, more distant quarries as minor but important pieces. Rumiqolqa Site Features The site of Rumiqolqa is primarily a quarry, and features within its boundaries include access roads, ramps and staircases leading to the different quarrying areas, as well as an impressive gate complex restricting access to the mines. In addition, the site has the ruins of what were likely residences for the quarry workers and, according to local lore, the supervisors or administrators of those workers. One Inca-era quarry at Rumiqolqa was nicknamed the Llama Pit by researcher Jean-Pierre Protzen, who noted two rock art petrogylphs of llamas on the adjacent rock face. This pit measured about 100 m (328 ft) long, 60 m (200 ft) wide and 15-20 m (50-65 ft) deep, and at the time Protzen visited in the 1980s, there were 250 cut stones finished and ready to be shipped still in place. Protzen reported that these stones were hewn and dressed on five of the six sides. At the Llama Pit, Protzen identified 68 simple river cobbles of various sizes which had been used as hammerstones to cut the surfaces and draft and finish the edges. He also conducted experiments and was able to replicate results of the Inca stonemasons using similar river cobbles. Rumiqolqa and Cusco Thousands of andesite ashlars quarried at Rumicolca were used in the construction of palaces and temples in the royal district of Cusco, including the temple of Qoricancha, the Aqllawasi (house of the chosen women) and Pachacutis palace called the Cassana. Massive blocks, some of which weighed over 100 metric tons (about 440,000 pounds), were used in construction at Ollantaytambo and Sacsaywaman, both relatively closer to the quarry than Cusco proper. Guaman Poma de Ayala, a 16th century Quechua chronicler, described a historic legend surrounding the building of the Qoriqancha by Inka Pachacuti [ruled 1438-1471], including the process of bringing extracted and partially worked stones up into Cusco via a series of ramps. Other Sites Dennis Ogburn (2004), a scholar who has dedicated some decades to investigating Inca quarry sites, discovered that carved ashlars of stone from Rumiqolqa were conveyed all the way to Saraguro, Ecuador, some 1,700 km (~1,000 mi) along the Inca Road from the quarry. According to Spanish records, in the final days of the Inca Empire, the Inka Huayna Capac [ruled 1493-1527] was establishing a capital at the center of Tomebamba, close to the modern town of Cuenca, Ecuador, using stone from Rumiqolqa. This claim was upheld by Ogburn, who found that a minimum of 450 cut ashlar stones are currently in Ecuador, although they were removed from Huayna Capacs structures in the 20th century and reused to build a church in Paquishapa. Ogborn reports that the stones are well-shaped parallelepipeds, dressed on five or six sides, each with an estimated mass of between 200-700 kilograms (450-1500 pounds). Their origin from Rumiqolqa was established by comparing the results of XRF geochemical analysis on uncleaned exposed building surfaces to fresh quarry samples (see Ogburn and others 2013). Ogburn cites the Inca-Quechua chronicler Garcilaso de la Vega who noted that by building important structures from the Rumiqolqa quarry in his temples in Tomebamba, Huayna Capac was in effect transferring the power of Cusco to Cuenca, a strong psychological application of Incan propaganda. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to Quarry Sites, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Hunt PN. 1990. Inca volcanic stone provenance in the Cuzco province, Peru. Papers from the Institute of Archaeology 1(24-36). Ogburn DE. 2004. Evidence for Long-Distance Transportation of Building Stones in the Inka Empire, from Cuzco, Peru to Saraguro, Ecuador. Latin American Antiquity 15(4):419-439. Ogburn DE. 2004a. Dynamic Display, Propaganda, and the Reinforcement of Provincial Power in the Inca Empire. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 14(1):225-239. Ogburn DE. 2013. Variation in Inca Building Stone Quarry Operations in Peru and Ecuador. In: Tripcevich N, and Vaughn KJ, editors. Mining and Quarrying in the Ancient Andes: Springer New York. p 45-64. Ogburn DE, Sillar B, and Sierra JC. 2013. Evaluating effects of chemical weathering and surface contamination on the in situ provenance analysis of building stones in the Cuzco region of Peru with portable XRF. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(4):1823-1837. Pigeon G. 2011. Inca architecture : the function of a building in relation to its form. La Crosse, WI: University of Wisconsin La Crosse. Protzen J-P. 1985. Inca Quarrying and Stonecutting. The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 44(2):161-182.

Instructional planning and design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Instructional planning and design - Essay Example While no textbook is perfect, how do teachers go about deciding if a proposed textbook will be chosen? What makes a particular instructional material adequate? One of the most important criteria is design. If the textbook in question does not align with the standards being addressed, then what use can it be? Textbooks that actually help achieve these standards must also be free from errors with documented sources that can be referred to if a question of accuracy arises. This is especially important in subjects such as geography where place names and maps change over time. Textbooks must also address both the desires of teachers and students in order to be effective. It is here that design tends to overlap with the criteria of clarity, efficiency and procedure. Teachers wish to have a book that emphasizes important points. Actual text should provide enough information in a grade/age appropriate manner but also facts that can assist in initiating discussions. While students should be challenged to go beyond the basics of the standard being addressed, they do not need to be overwhelmed with irrelevant information. Teachers want a sufficient number of questions to reinforce the topic being studied but not so many that students take one look and panic. Activities should provide practice of the basic skill but also encourage students to stretch a little and engage their critical thinking skills. While many teachers have created their own assessments over the years, some may want to be able to use the prepared assessments that come with new textbooks. If the teacher has to make major revisions to the prepared assessments in order to use them then the textbook may not be adequate. In addition, teachers want to be able to train students to use the textbook as an aid in the individual learning process. Once this training has been completed, the instructions for textbook activities should be such that teachers can use them

Why do Incumbents win majority of time during election Essay - 1

Why do Incumbents win majority of time during election - Essay Example Since they are in office, they can use the privileges provided to them by the taxpayers in the form of free travel, mailing, airtime, town hall meetings, hiring sizable staff to assist them in making them more likeable and others to strengthen their campaign. Furthermore, during their time in office, they certainly make some friends in the corporate world and political arena, such as labour unions, professional lobbyists and big businesses, who are likely to express their desire to find their campaigns in return for favors and advantages in the future (Gelman & King 1148). Recent statistics confirm the same. During the 2012 election cycle, every incumbent was able to raise more than 0.9 million US dollars as part of their fundraising campaign, but the same figure remained at less than 0.15 million for the challengers. Therefore, incumbents were able to outraise their challengers by 405 million to 88 million. Sitting members of Congress are paid to meet and talk with the voters, attend town hall meeting, appear regularly on the media, liaison with the press and engage in actions and decisions, which could assist them in improving their overall image because this is an imperative part of their job as members of Congress (Ashworth and Bueno de Mesquita 1009). Therefore, they can run their campaigns while performing these jobs and taking advantage of the perquisites available to them while they are in office. However, a challenger, if he or she is not extremely wealthy, would have to use their savings, go into debt and find other ways of financing to run a campaign (Sabato 142). If the challenger is not already a political servant, celebrity, or well known in the masses, it puts him or her at even a bigger disadvantage against the incumbent. This is true because the incumbent has served for at least two or six years in case of Congress and Senate respectively, thus allowing

Monopoly Market Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monopoly Market Structure - Essay Example In the operating system of monopoly there is usually one firm that provides the majority of the products and services sold and there may be a handful of smaller firms that might have little or no impact on the large dominant firm Because of the lack of competition the firms in the monopoly makes super normal economic profit which attracts other firms to enter the market. However there are quite some barriers for the new entrants (Mike Moffatt). The technology may be such as to exhibit substantial economies of scale which require only a single plant if the economies are to be fully reaped. For example in transport, electricity, and communications there are substantial economies which can be realized only at large scales of output. The size of the market may not allow the existence of more than a single large plant. In those conditions it is said that the market creates a natural monopoly and it is usually the government in such cases undertakes the production and distribution of the commodity or service so as to avoid the exploitation of the consumers. There is an ongoing debate about the advantages and disadvantages of monopoly. "The consensus seems to be that the economic case for and against monopoly needs to be judged on a case by case basis- particularly when assessing the impact on economic welfare" (Tutor2u). (1) Economies of Scale and Low... Advantages and Disadvantages of Monopoly There is an ongoing debate about the advantages and disadvantages of monopoly. "The consensus seems to be that the economic case for and against monopoly needs to be judged on a case by case basis- particularly when assessing the impact on economic welfare" (Tutor2u). There are certain distinct benefits accruing out of monopoly. These are: (1) Economies of Scale and Lower Prices - Because the monopoly producers often provide the goods or services on a large scale the producer may be able to take advantage of the economies of scale leading to a reduction in the total cost of production. Although this may increase the profits of the monopolist sometimes the higher efficiency in production may be passed on to the consumer in the form of lower prices for the product or service. (2) Regulation of Monopoly - Since there is always the possibility of economic welfare loss arising from the exploitation of monopoly power there are governmental regulations which can control the annual price increases and can also introduce fresh competition in certain industries which is beneficial to the consumers. (3) Research and Development, and Innovation - There is the necessity for the large firms to remain competitive globally to earn supernormal profits. Some part of the supernormal profits might be used to make research and development programmes which have the potential to bring new and innovative products and services into the market for the benefit of the consumers. (4) Price Discrimination - Some form or price discrimination being adopted by the monopolists may benefit the consumers. (5) Domestic

Cooking Oil Company in India

Cooking Oil Company in India INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE TOPIC Cooking oil is purified fat of plant origin, which is usually liquid at room temperature (Saturated oils such as coconut and palm are more solid at room temperature than other oils). Some of the many different kinds of edible vegetable oils include: olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, canola oil, pumpkin seed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, grape seed oil, sesame oil, argan oil and rice bran oil. Many other kinds of vegetable oils are also used for cooking. The generic term vegetable oil when used to label a cooking oil product refers to a blend of a variety of oils often based on palm, corn, soybean or sunflower oils. Oil can be flavored by immersing aromatic food stuffs such as fresh herbs, peppers, garlic and so forth in the oil for a period of time. However, care must be taken when storing flavored oils to prevent the growth of Clostridium botulinum (the bacteria that produces toxins that can lead tobotulism). Product Origin: India Description: Pandey Groups Ltd. (PGL), a Rs. 2700 crore company; is a joint venture between two global corporations. Somya Refined Soyabean Oil is light, odorless and healthy oil. Most importantly it contains OMG3 (Omega 3 fatty acids) an essential PUFA which needs to be supplemented from outside sources. Soyabean oil is the preferred oil of many a household across the world. Somya Refined Soyabean Oil, enriched with OMG3, gives you and your family Paanch Ka Aashirwad Company Name : Pandey Groups Limited Address : Gujarat, India Tel : 91- 9855021213 Fax : 91- 11-2201055 Website : http://www.pandeygroups.com The IMC Plan Situational Analysis: Past promotional Situation Somya Oil PLC is the holding company for a group of companies whose principal activities focus on Eidable oil supply in India. On July 15, 2005, the Company acquired Sona Ediable Company Limited and its subsidiaries. In October 2005, it disposed all interests in Making all types Of Ediable Oil. Product Situation (Quality,Packaging,Price,image,availability,Feature,Unique Selling point) Somya Edible Oil Exports In Consumer Packs Pandey groups Ltd, which is into trading and refining of edible oils, is now planning to supply consumer packs of ‘Somya edible oil in india upto 2010. At present, the company is supplying loose packs of edible oil to these countries and plans are afoot to increase export capacity of loose packs of edible oil from 2,000 metric tonnes to 5,000 metric tonnes as well this year.. Pandey Groups is also planning to increase its capacity to produce ‘Savarg vanaspati from 100 metric tonnes to 300 metric tonnes. After marking its presence with Somya refined oil in the northern, western and eastern markets, Pandey Groups is now planning to strongly focus on the southern market, specifically Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu this year to widen its distribution reach.According to Pandey Groups Ltd general manager (marketing and sales) Sahil Sharma: â€Å"As part of the distribution strategy, we are now planning to expand our number of offices from 65 to 80. In addition, we will double the number of existing 1,800 distributors, three lakh retail outlets and 600 super stockists within a year. In the southern market, we have recently created 10 stockpoints (companys own branches) to spur more volumes of Fortune edible oil.† Besides, Pandey Groups is planning to foray into the speciality fat oil category which will be introduced in the Indian market in consumer packs under the umbrella brand name Somya this year. Audience Situation Paneer, pakoras and more 1. One of the ads, titled Railway station, is about an elderly couple making a train journey. The husband realises that his wife hasnt prepared the customary ‘pakoras for the journey this time. Forgetting the he was supposed to arrange for a taxi, he busies himself in preparing the pakoras when his wife offers to make them. The couple miss the train due to the delay, but share a mischievous moment on the platform when they gorge on the pakoras. 2. The second commercial is about a young man who lives away from home with a group of friends. He steps home after his day at work and reaches for some stale pizza; his sister calls him just then, asking what he is having for dinner. He cooks up a story, telling her hes having ‘muttar paneer just so that she doesnt feel bad about his eating habits away from home. His sister then reprimands him on why he didnt leave his dirty shoes out at the door, to which he turns around to see that his sister has actually brought him some home cooked food. A third film is on its way. Apart from the commercials, the campaign consists of a mix of press, hoardings and bus shelters. Radio is specifically to be used in Tamil Nadu. Of the total budget, Fortune has allotted about 15 per cent to outdoor, while 10 per cent and 5 per cent will go to press and radio respectively. A huge 70 per cent of the budget is directed to TV and electronic media. National and regional channels are being employed. Competitive Situation Pandey Groups is the leader in edible oil. But it now wants to carve out a bigger slice of the pie by focusing on sunflower oil, which accounts for a big chunk of the edible oil market, through its Somya brand. Competitive Analysis In competitive analysis I found that there is great competition in the existing players like Saffola oil, Sunflower oil, Fortune oil, Ginni Oil, Kings oil, and Raag oils. I have do something different to survive in this competition like: A strong Heart The Healthy Growth of your Children Controlling Diabetes Healthy Eyes Marketing segmentation:  · Somya has segmented its market on the basis of following: Demographic Income Occupation Geographic Tier 1 cities Tier 2 cities Psychographic Life style Personality Behavioural Value Benefit Sought So, this is a market segmentation of the Somya Oils that we give more importance to tier 1 cities that are metro cities. And we prefer the high level people and middle level people because this level of people are health conscious. Targeting Somya oil has targeted its market on the basis of the product that they are offering to the consumer. We are targeting: Upper class segment Upper end We are targeting to those consumer who are more concern of life style product. Our product is ore of upper mid class and premium segment, so we are targeting audience are those consumer,, who want Healthy Product which gives them fitness at reasonable price We are also targeting those consumers, who are more concern of safety and health issue. We are now going to shift over to mind mid or lower mid class segment and want to mass market their product. SWOT Analysis (S)trengths Demand of new technology. Manufacturing unit having good supply of raw material and Transportation System. â€Å"Gujarat.† Wide range of product to tap the consumer of middle class, upper class and high class. We think to launch our widest distribution network. Shifting to rural marketing. (W)eaknesses Our product are compared with our competitor like Fortune, Saffola etc. Similar product categories as compare to its close competitors like kings and Raag. (O)pportunities Shifting to rural market. Food oil market is growing very fast, so there is an opportunity for Somya to launch more new products. (T)hreats Price war. New entry in this segment. Positioning Strategy With the tagline â€Å"Paanch Ka Aashirwad † Somya positioning is to differentiate our product on the basis of technology which appealed to the consumer on the basis of health benefits. With this tag line its corporate philosophy to make to attract towards our product. Our positioning strategy are technological intelligent and futuristic. As we are in upper and premium segment, so we are featuring that their brand is young, vibrant and premium. We have differentiate our product using technology and health benefits. Competitive Analysis Market Share The market share and data show that Somya is not in the list because it is a new company in the electronic field. The target audiences for the other companies are very high as compare to Somya Product categories are more or less same. Close fight for the product is in the companies. Marketing Strategy The marketing objective of Somya, aims to focus on the premium segment of the market that fetches greater margin opposed to volumes. We want to capture 20% market share, by the end of 2011. We want 5% sales growth in each segment of our product. Corporate Strategy Somya corporate strategies is to more focus on innovation to attract more technology savvy consumer and the company is aspiring for keep innovating. Somya corporate strategy is to become a true global leader through fast growth and fast innovation. Somya has set its mid-term goal to rank among the top edible oil Company in the world. Somya would concentrate on staying ahead of the technology curve and develop products that deliver high value to consumers. The Marketing Background S. No. Key Considerations Questions 1. Product Descriptions Cooking oil 2. Market Assessment There are some global players in market like Fortune, Saffola, Ginni, Sunflower. 3. Source of Business We are coming from tiers 1 cities and tier 2 cities and rural areas. 4. Competitive Evaluation Somya offers freshness and technological strong 5. Marketing Objective Focus on Health innovation to attract consumers and the company is aspiring for keep innovating. 6. Marketing Communication Marketing Communication helps Somya to create a strong and positive brand attitude and influence consumer to do action in future. The Key Target Audience Worksheet Our sale and usage comes from metros urban and rural market. The marketing objectives required continue usage. Refers to Segmenting, Targeting and positioning analysis. Decision makers are the head of the family. Communication Objective To communicate the health plus objectives. To communicate that the brand is young, vibrant and premium. To hit the emotions of the Indian consumers by showing the warmth and affection. Brand Attitude Strategy:- Cooking Oil (Food) product is high involvement product, and consumers require information before purchasing the product. So, to influence the attitude of the consumers, Somya oil need to focus on the communication message, this is helpful to create a positive brand attitude. The communication objective of Somya Oil is to influence the target audience to do purchases. The Behaviour Sequence Model Decision Stages Consideration at each stage Need Arousal Information search Purchase usage Decision roles involved Category need Product awareness Purchase Facilitator Benefit of the product How is it likely to occur Brand awareness Product information - Timing of purchase - Competitive product information Offer discount Where purchase is likely to occur Company outlets, MBOS Budget As a team, Somya oil decided that we should go ahead and plan out the entire IMC campaign exactly how we wanted it to turn out, before we worried about any of the budget. This is referred to as a bottom-up budget, which means that we, the creative team have decided what we would need for the budget and have sent the budget for approval. Media Mix For the media mix of our products campaign we decided to do one television ad and one magazine ad. Because our product is an Cooking Oil we felt it would be more appropriate to reach our target audience through these means of advertising. Our television advertisement will be in the form of a thirty-second commercial. Showing the commercial at the prime time would help reach our ideal target audience. Our budget will allow about 2,50,000 for the pre-production, production, and post-production of our commercial advertisement. In order to buy advertising space, we allotted 150,000 per thirty-second spot. To achieve our communication objective, the commercial will air twice during each thirty-minute program on Sunday evenings for the duration of one month. The magazine advertisement we have chosen for our project will not be costing us nearly as much. Each of these magazines is a monthly publication. This helps reach our target audience because our customers must be housewives. Cost of TV Ad Prime Time: 6-11pm Channels: Top e.g., Geo, AAJ, PTV, Sony, Star Plus, Zee Tv etc. Cost in Prime Time: Rs. 70,000/min Cost in Off-peak time: Rs. 25,000-30,000/min Cost of Billboard Size: 2700 Sq. ft Skin: Rs. 54,000 Rent for 1 month in Cat-A1 area: 600,000-1,000,000 Cost of Hanging Hoardings Size: 5ft x 2 ft Cost: Rs. 150/hoarding Rent in Cat-A1: 1,350/week Cost of Poster Paper weight: 135 gram Size: 18inch x 23inch Quantity: 3000 @ Rs. 4.15/poster